Byte arrays are fixed-size mutable sequences (Sequence protocol) whose elements are integers in the range 0-255, inclusive. Each element only uses one byte of storage, hence the name. The literal syntax is covered in Byte array syntax.
Byte array words are in the byte-arrays vocabulary.
Byte arrays play a special role in the C library interface; they can be used to pass binary data back and forth between Factor and C. See Passing pointers to C functions.